PROCEEDINGS OF THE BRITISH MASONRY SOCIETY
MASONRY (6)
PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL MASONRY CONFERENCE
No. 6, March 1994, Edited by: H W H West
Contents
page
I Properties of materials
1 Chemical Activation of Natural Pozzolans for Low-Cost Masonry Units
C Shi, R L Day and A Huizer 1
2 Compressive Strength of Tuff Bricks in Different Test Conditions – Some
Experimental Results
G Frunzio, C D’Onofrio and M Monaco 4
3 Mortar Cement Development in the United States
B A Wideman 10
4 Bricks Made with Clay and Power Station Ashes
H R Roman and F T Negreiros 12
5 Masonry of Solid Concrete Blocks Laid on Face
D M F Orr and M P Mannion 15
6 Mechanical Behaviour of Wall Panels Constructed from Compacted
Earth Blocks: Experimental and Numerical Investigations
M Olivier and Z El Gharbi 19
7 Characterisation of Mortars from Historic German Brick Buildings and
Requirements for Restoration Material
B Middendorf and D Knöfel 24
8 Influence of Unit Type on Creep and Shrinkage of Single Leaf Clay Brickwork
J J Brooks and J P Forth 31
9 Creep of Concrete Block Masonry
D Lenczner and R J Harvey 34
10 Effect of Cross Section Geometry on Long Term Deformation of
Clay Brickwork
J P Forth and J J Brooks 37
11 Strength Tests on Lightweight Concrete Walls with Masonry Veneer Leaves
H E Jensen 40
II Non destructive testing and thermal behaviour of masonry
12 The Thermal Performance of European Autoclaved Aerated Concrete
W R Millard 44
13 Thermal Conductivity of Traditional Mortar
J A Tinker and A O’Rourke 48
14 Influence of Water Vapour Sorption on the Thermal Behaviour of
Mortar Samples
A D Bueno, P C Phillippi and R Lamberts 52
15 The Use of Monitoring to Analyse Damaged Masonry Structures
R Cerioni, G Donida, A Farina and A Spagnoli 55
16 A Screw Pull-out Test for Assessing Masonry Materials In-situ
W A Ferguson 62
17 The Role of Impulse Radar in the Investigation, Restoration and Change
of Use of Old Buildings
J D Baston-Pitt 67
18 Establishing Quantity Estimates and Levels of Certainty in Predicting
Structural Damage: A Masonry Case Study
W B Fairley, A J Izenman and A R Whitlock 72
III Materials and Construction
19 Brickwork and the Modern Movement
M Whitby 83
20 The Use of Very Large Masonry Blocks of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete
E Kober and C Jacob 85
21 A Survey of Failed Free-standing Walls
S Osmond 87
22 The Development of Bed Joint Reinforcement Over Two Decades
O Pfeffermann and B A Haseltine 91
23 The Shellstone System: Interlocking Calcium Silicate or Concrete Blocks
H Werner 94
IV Shear effects in masonry structures
24 Racking Tests on Hollow Clay Masonry Walls
C Amadio and S Rajgelj 99
25 Effects of Inter-Storey Drift on the In-Plane Capacity of Infilled Walls
R D Flanagan and R M Bennett 104
26 Tests on Steel Frames with Reinforced Masonry Infilling
A W Hendry and T C Liauw 108
27 Assessment of a New Masonry Shear Strength Test
J R Riddington and P Jukes 115
V Structural behaviour
28 Mechanical Properties of Masonry
W J Beranek and G J Hobbelman 119
29 The Compressive Strength of Cavity Walls Containing Butterfly Wall Ties
G J Edgell 126
30 Changes in the Position of the Neutral Axis in Masonry Joints under
Combinations of Direct Loads and Bending Moments
A N Fried 130
31 Masonry Unit Shape Factor from Test Results
F M Khalaf and A W Hendry 136
32 A Numerical Study of Shape Factors for Masonry Units Using the
Finite Element Method
B Kralj, J Middleton and G N Pande 140
33 An Evaluation of Masonry Wall-Foundation Interaction Using Finite
Element Method
A J Valsangkar, J L Dawe and C K Seah 144
VI Strength
34 Analysis of Results of Compressive Strength Testing
G J Edgell, S K Arora and R C de Vekey 147
35 The Effect of One Weaker Block on the Compressive Strength of AAC Wallettes
C A Fudge and G R Sargeant 165
36 Masonry Column Tests
M E Phipps, A J Bell and T Swailes 168
37 Stress Distribution Under Axial Compression in Masonry Walls
Containing Distorted (Curved) Bricks
A L M Mauroof and M Qamaruddin 173
38 The Behaviour of Laterally Loaded Masonry Panels with Openings
V L Chong, C Southcombe and I May 178
VII Response of masonry to the environment
39 A Review of Stages of Damage of Brickwork Due to Salt Crystallization
E N Caner-Saltik, I Schumann and L Franke 183
40 The Effect of Weathering on the Flexural Strength of Masonry
R C de Vekey 188
41 Testing the Frost Resistance of Calcium Silicate Units for Use in
Exposed Masonry
D Kasten and W Eden 192
42 The Changes Which Occur in Bricks Due to Environmental Influences
R Nöller 196
43 The Influence of Moisture on the Crack Resistance of Masonry Built
with AAC or LWA Concrete Blocks
K Zeus 199
VIII Arches and stone masonry buildings
44 Studies of Settlements and Crack Damage in Old and New Facades
D Cook 203
45 Aspects of Stability and Strength of Stone Masonry Structures
A W Hendry 212
46 The Behaviour of Multi-Ring Brickwork Arch Bridges Containing
Ring Separation
C Melbourne and M Gilbert 218
47 The Behaviour of Multi-Span Masonry Arch Bridges
C Melbourne and M Wagstaff 225
48 Investigations into the Structural Behaviour of Natural Stone Masonry
Ahmad Sabha 231
IX Reinforced and prestressed masonry
49 Prediction of Stress Relaxation in Structural Clay Masonry from Creep
P R Bingel and J J Brooks 234
50 Crack Development in Infill Concrete for Reinforced Masonry
I El-Saie, G A Khoury and J B Newman 239
51 The Testing of a Deep Prestressed Brickwork Diaphragm Wall to Failure
S W Garrity and T G Garwood 244
52 Thermal Loading of Post-tensioned Diaphragm Walls: Temperature and
Prestressing Effects
N G Shrive and A Huizer 248
53 The Shear Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Blockwork Beams
J J Roberts 253
54 The Architectural Potential of Bed Joint Reinforced Masonry
J M Adell 259
X Structural codes and fire behaviour
55 An Alternative Approach for Reduction Factors for Masonry Walls
Based on Plastic Behaviour
J Morton 263
56 Research Data on Compressive Strength of Masonry Walls:
Implications for EC6 and ISO Masonry Codes
S K Arora and G J Edgell 269
57 Some Comparative Studies of British, EC and ISO Masonry Codes
A L Taylor and S K Arora 274
58 Sensitivity Case Study of Parameters in European Masonry Codes
H J Vekemans 279
59 Experience of Fire Behaviour of Masonry and the Proposed CEN
Standard for Assessment
C Hahn 285
XI Refurbishment and conservation
60 A Numerical Approach for Modelling the Effect of Persistent Loads on
Masonry Structures
E Papa, L Binda and A Nappi 290
61 Multi-storey Brickwork Structures – Some Problems and Remedies
K Thomas 295
62 Restructuring the Outer Wall of a 23 Storey Block Using Thick Masonry
B Bird 299
63 Seismic Retrofitting of Reinforced Concrete Frames Using Masonry
Stiffening of Columns
J B Mander, J M Bracci and A M Reinhorn 302
64 Stabilising Old Masonry With Glass Fibre Reinforced Composite Ties
M Faoro 309
65 Cross-Section Supplements to Increase the Bending Stability of Masonry Walls
E Gunkler 313
65 Papers, 318 pp, published in 1994